ADHD Medication Explained: Stimulants, Non-Stimulants, and Myths 

If you’ve been diagnosed with ADHD as an adult, it’s normal to have questions about medication, such as how it works, what to expect, and whether the things you’ve heard about it are actually true. ADHD medication is one of the most effective ways to manage symptoms like inattention and impulsivity, but it’s still often misunderstood.  

Many adults newly diagnosed with the condition may hesitate to try medication due to misinformation surrounding drugs such as Ritalin and Adderall. However, it’s not so clear-cut, and many people can benefit from ADHD medication. Let’s take a closer look at the science behind ADHD medication, the main types available, and some of the most common myths about treatment. 

Common ADHD Myths (Debunked) 

Even though awareness of ADHD has improved in recent years, myths about medication are still common to come across. Here are a few of the most common ones related to ADHD medication: 

Myth: ADHD medication is only for children. 

ADHD isn’t something you grow out of, with many people having symptoms well into adulthood. However, medication can be just as effective for managing those symptoms later in life. In fact, research suggests that around 70% of adults with ADHD respond positively to stimulant medication. 

Myth: Medication will change your personality. 

The goal of ADHD medication isn’t to dull your personality. Instead, it’s to help your brain filter distractions so you can focus. When taken as prescribed, these medicines may help you feel more like yourself, not less. If the dose isn’t right, a healthcare provider can always adjust it as needed. 

Myth: Stimulants are addictive. 

This may be one of the biggest misconceptions. Stimulant medicines such as methylphenidate (Ritalin, Concerta, Medikinet) and lisdexamfetamine (Elvanse) are safe when taken as prescribed. Unlike recreational stimulant use, ADHD medication is taken in controlled doses, with many studies showing it doesn’t increase the risk of substance misuse in patients. When used as directed by a healthcare provider, these medications have been proven safe and effective. 

What the Science Actually Says 

ADHD medication works by increasing neurotransmitters or brain chemicals involved in attention, motivation, and impulse control. Many ADHD medicines help balance dopamine and norepinephrine to manage ADHD symptoms.  

When it comes to choosing the right ADHD medication, both stimulants and non-stimulants have their place in treatment as long as they’re prescribed by a qualified clinician.  

Stimulant Medications 

Stimulants are considered the first-line treatment for ADHD in both children and adults. They work quickly, often within 30 to 45 minutes, and are the most widely studied medications for ADHD. 

Common stimulant options include: 

• Methylphenidate 

• Lisdexamfetamine  

• Dexamfetamine  

Some people may mistake stimulants for energy pills. However, they aren’t meant to be used that way. Instead, they can improve communication between key brain areas that control focus and motivation. Still, the right dose can take time, as healthcare providers typically adjust it based on how a person responds.  

About Adderall in the UK:  Adderall is widely used in the U.S. but is not generally available in the UK or New Zealand. Lisdexamfetamine provides a similar effect and is approved for use in adults. 

Non-Stimulant Medications 

For those who can’t tolerate stimulants or who don’t respond well to them, several non-stimulant ADHD medications are available. These work differently from stimulants and may take a few weeks to provide full effects. 

Examples of non-stimulant ADHD drugs include: 

• Atomoxetine: a selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI) that’s the main non-stimulant specifically licensed for ADHD in the UK. It’s usually taken once daily. 

• Guanfacine MR: an alpha-2A adrenergic receptor agonist developed to treat high blood pressure but now approved to treat ADHD alone or alongside stimulants. 

While non-stimulants don’t act as quickly as stimulants, they can be helpful options for those who experience stimulant side effects or those who have other medical conditions that could benefit from a non-stimulant. For example, bupropion may be prescribed for someone with ADHD and depression or anxiety.  

According to the NICE NG87 guideline, stimulant medicines such as methylphenidate and lisdexamfetamine are recommended as first-line treatments for adults with ADHD when symptoms cause significant impairment. Non-stimulants like atomoxetine or guanfacine MR may be considered if stimulants are not tolerated or effective. 

Safety and Monitoring of ADHD Medication 

When starting treatment, a clinician will usually prescribe a low dose and adjust it gradually to find what works best for the patient. Throughout this process, they’ll regularly check blood pressure, heart rate, and weight to make sure the medicine is safe and effective. 

• Side effects may include the following: 

• Reduced appetite or weight loss 

• Difficulty sleeping (insomnia) 

• Mild anxiety or restlessness 

• Headache 

• Upset stomach 

• Dry mouth 

• Increased heart rate or blood pressure 

These side effects tend to be mild and improve once the body adjusts or the dose is fine-tuned. Still, these medications may not be suitable for everyone, particularly those with certain heart conditions, high blood pressure, or certain mental health disorders. 

For those who are pregnant, planning a pregnancy, or breastfeeding, it’s important to talk with a healthcare provider. They can help weigh the potential benefits and risks and decide whether to continue, adjust, or pause treatment. 

How Myths Affect Diagnosis and Treatment 

Myths about ADHD treatments can often stop people from getting the help they need. Some people might avoid seeing a healthcare provider because they’re scared of being judged or worried about becoming dependent on treatment. 

In the UK, ADHD in adults is still under-recognised. Some people dismiss symptoms like poor focus or restlessness as personal flaws rather than signs of a legitimate medical condition. 

For others, potential side effects can be a concern. Although some people experience mild side effects such as reduced appetite or trouble sleeping, side effects are often temporary. In any case, the benefits often outweigh the potential side effects for most people. 

Also, the claim that stimulants are addictive is a myth. ADHD drugs are prescribed in controlled doses and monitored by a clinician, which is different from recreational stimulant use. Studies show that, when taken as directed, these medications do not increase the risk of substance misuse, and for some people, they may even reduce it. 

ADHD treatment works best when it’s given as part of an overall treatment plan. It’s not typically a one-and-done fix. Whether that means using medication, therapy, or a combination, the goal is to manage symptoms and improve overall quality of life. 

Conclusion 

ADHD medications, whether stimulants or non-stimulants, are some of the most effective, evidence-based options for treating ADHD. When taken responsibly, these treatments can mean the difference between struggling to stay focused and feeling in control of your daily life.  

If you’re unsure whether medication is right for you, start by learning more about your own symptoms. Taking a free online screening through ADHDSimple.co.nz may help you recognise patterns and decide whether to seek a professional assessment. 

Last updated October 2025
Written by Gerardo Sison, Pharmacist 

Important: This article is for information only. Diagnosis and treatment are determined and overseen by a qualified clinician. If you feel affected, contact your GP.